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''Phaseolus vulgaris'', the common bean (also known as the string bean, field bean, flageolet bean, French bean, garden bean, green bean, haricot bean, pop bean, or snap bean), is a herbaceous annual plant grown worldwide for its edible dry seed (known as just "beans") or unripe fruit (green beans). Its leaf is also occasionally used as a vegetable and the straw as fodder. Its botanical classification, along with other ''Phaseolus'' species, is as a member of the legume family ''Fabaceae'', most of whose members acquire the nitrogen they require through an association with rhizobia, a species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The common bean is a highly variable species that has a long history of cultivation. All wild members of the species have a climbing habit, but many cultivars are classified as "bush beans" or "pole beans", depending on their style of growth. These include the kidney bean, the navy bean, the pinto bean, and the wax bean.〔 The other major types of commercially grown bean are the runner bean (''Phaseolus coccineus'') and the broad bean (''Vicia faba''). Beans are grown in every continent except Antarctica. Brazil and India are the largest producers of dry beans, while China produces, by far, the largest quantity of green beans. Worldwide, 23 million tonnes of dry common beans and 17.1 million tonnes of green beans were grown in 2010. The wild ''P. vulgaris'' was native to the Americas and was domesticated separately in Mesoamerica and in the southern Andes region, giving the domesticated bean two gene pools which remain separate to this day. Along with squash and maize (corn), beans are one of the "Three Sisters" central to indigenous North American agriculture. == Description == The common bean is a highly variable species with a long history. Bush varieties form erect bushes tall, while pole or running varieties form vines long. All varieties bear alternate, green or purple leaves, which are divided into three oval, smooth-edged leaflets, each long and wide. The white, pink, or purple flowers are about 1 cm long, and they give way to pods long and 1–1.5 cm wide. These may be green, yellow, black, or purple in color, each containing 4–6 beans. The beans are smooth, plump, kidney-shaped, up to 1.5 cm long, range widely in color, and are often mottled in two or more colors. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Phaseolus vulgaris」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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